From the perspective of the laboratory, there are three main types of glass used today, quartz borosilicate lime and soda or glass.
What the borosilicate glass, how is it different from other glasses, and why is it so widely used in laboratory research?
History
The formation of glass and glass products goes back to early history.
The invention of borosilicate glass, is credited to Otto Schott, a century later renamed 19th German glass. He was was initially sold under the name "Duran" in Europe in 1893. For United States, "Pyrex" has become synonymous with borosilicate glass from Corning Glass Works inventor Joe Littleton introduced it on the English-speaking world in 1915.
Although borosilicate glass was first widely used for kitchen glassware, thermometer and glass lanterns railroad, there are now very few companies use it for that purpose, simply because it is more difficult to produce and therefore more expensive. And in the kitchen, the costs for the consumer, more or less outweigh the benefits gained. There are low, however, many small businesses in the U.S. and abroad always offering colored borosilicate glass for the glass market of art, and this market is still viable because of the flexibility and durability of borosilicate glass. It is also easy to work at low temperature.
As the borosilicate glass melts at a temperature higher than glass silicate others it is more complicated to put into industrial production, and new techniques were needed. New burners using oxygen and natural gas have been developed. And for the most part, the manufacturing process has remained the same for the last 100 years. Borosilicate in Because of its wide range of temperature, strength and chemical resistance, has become the "glass" for the laboratory.
The Unofficial U.S. "capital" of blowing glass is Vineland, NJ. The reason Vineland received this distinction is very simple: the plant first in the United States has just begun few miles in 1723. It was located there because of proximity to natural resources like sand, shells, and green trees the New Jersey Pinelands. And of course, the further proliferation of companies manufacturing and jobs in the area brought many blowers glass in the region, where they remained for years. The techniques of glass blowing has been passed down from grandfather to father to son.
Today, companies glass very little actually "melt" into borosilicate glass in the United States, even in Vineland. Instead, almost all companies the region, such as Chemglass, Ace Glass, Wilmad-Lab Glass Kimble-Kontes, are manufacturers, purchasing "blanks" of large companies like Schott and Corning Glassworks Kavalier and creation of custom laboratory glassware such as round-bottom flasks, stills, condensers and much more.
Physical Characteristics
While "soft" Glass is traditionally made from sand, sodium carbonate and calcium carbonate. Thus the name "soda lime. Boron is added to sand much purer type of silica in the manufacture of borosilicate glass. The composition of borosilicate glass is typically about 80% silica%, 10% boron oxide, 8% sodium oxide, 8% potassium oxide, aluminum oxide and 1%.
Borosilicate glass used in laboratory equipment has a very low thermal expansion coefficient (32.5-33), which represents about 1 / 3 that of "soft" glass. This reduces stress caused by temperature changes, and therefore, glass is more resistant to breakage. He is not invincible, even if – it will break if dropped or crack otherwise affected. Fortunately, there is much more likely to crack or snap rather than splinter. Its softening point (at which the glass May collapse under its own weight) of 800 ° C is where glass blowers operate normally. The point of annealing (the temperature at which the residual voltage or stress will relieve) to about 560 ° C
Under "normal" laboratory, borosilicate glass can withstand temperatures extended about 230-240 ° C. For uses very short duration, it will usually survive at temperatures around 400 ° C. But the absolute maximum operating temperature of the glass formed is 450 ° C. Changes in temperature very hot or very cold must also be avoided – a maximum difference of thermal shock from 160 ° C must be observed.
Borosilicate glass is highly resistant to corrosion Chemical, which makes it perfect for laboratory use. It can handle highly volatile chemicals, and even nuclear waste! Everything has a achillies heal and borosilicate glass, it is flourines. Hydroflouric acid will etch the borosilicate glass.
About the Author:
Chuck Carney is Marketing Director at Ace Glass Incorporated, Vineland, NJ.
Article Source: ArticlesBase.com – Borosilicate Glass — A Brief History
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